Standard Library Functions

Input and Output: <stdio.h>

int printf(const char *format, ...)

The printf function provides formatted output conversion.

int scanf(const char *format, ...)

The scanf function deals with formatted input conversion.

String Functions: <string.h>

In the following table, variables s is of type char *; cs and ct are of type const char *; and c is an int converted to char.

char *strcpy(s,ct)	copy string ct to string s, including '\0'; return s.
char *strcat(s,ct)	concatenate string ct to end of string s; return s.
int strcmp(cs,ct)	compare string cs to string ct, return <0 if cs<ct, 0 if cs==ct, or >0 if cs>ct.
char *strchr(cs,c)	return pointer to first occurrence of c in cs or NULL if not present.
char *strstr(cs,ct)	return pointer to first occurrence of string ct in cs, or NULL if not present.
size_t strlen(cs)	return length of cs.

In the following table, s is of type void *; ct is of type const void *; n is of type size_t; and c is an int converted to an unsigned char.

void *memcpy(s,ct,n)	copy n characters from ct to s, and return s.
void *memset(s,c,n)	place character c into first n characters of s, return s.

Mathematical Functions: <math.h>

In the following table, x and y are of type double, and all functions return double.

exp(x)	exponential function ex
log(x)	natural logarithm ln(x), x>0.
log10(x)	base 10 logarithm log10(x), x>0.
pow(x,y)	xy. A domain error occurs if x=0 and y<=0, or if x<0 and y is not an integer.
sqrt(x)	square root of x, x>=0.
fabs(x)	absolute value |x|

Utility Functions: <stdlib.h>

double atof(const char *s)

atof converts s to double.

int atoi(const char *s)

converts s to int.

int rand(void)

rand returns a pseudo-random integer in the range 0 to RAND_MAX, which is at least 32767.

void srand(unsigned int seed)

srand uses seed as the seed for a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers. The initial seed is 1.

void *malloc(size_t size)

malloc returns a pointer to space for an object of size size, or NULL if the request cannot be satisfied. The space is uninitialized.

void free(void *p)

free deallocates the space pointed to by p; it does nothing if p is NULL. p must be a pointer to space previously allocated by malloc.

int abs(int n)

abs returns the absolute value of its int argument.

Date and Time Functions: <time.h>

time_t time(time_t *tp)

time returns the current calendar time or -1 if the time is not available. If tp is not NULL, the return value is also assigned to *tp.